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class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Chapter 1: Getting Started</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-05-14T06:23:40.000Z" title="发表于 2022-05-14 14:23:40">2022-05-14</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-05-14T06:50:35.863Z" title="更新于 2022-05-14 14:50:35">2022-05-14</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/blog/categories/C/">C++</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-commentcount"><i class="far fa-comments fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">评论数:</span><a href="/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-1-Getting-Started/#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-1-Getting-Started/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><p>﻿# Preface</p>
<p>使用的书籍为《C++ Primer》第五版 英文版</p>
<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.1"></a>Exercises Section 1.1</h1><h2 id="Ex1-2"><a href="#Ex1-2" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.2"></a>Ex1.2</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163636605.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.2"></a>Exercises Section 1.2</h1><h2 id="Ex1-3"><a href="#Ex1-3" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.3"></a>Ex1.3</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163650709.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="Ex1-4"><a href="#Ex1-4" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.4"></a>Ex1.4</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163658502.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="Ex1-5"><a href="#Ex1-5" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.5"></a>Ex1.5</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163710103.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="Ex1-6"><a href="#Ex1-6" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.6"></a>Ex1.6</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">v1 后面多了一个冒号</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.3"></a>Exercises Section 1.3</h1><h2 id="Ex1-7"><a href="#Ex1-7" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.7"></a>Ex1.7</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163900513.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="Ex1-8"><a href="#Ex1-8" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.8"></a>Ex1.8</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;/*&quot;</span>;      <span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br><span class="line">std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;*/&quot;</span>;      <span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br><span class="line">std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="comment">/* &quot;*/</span><span class="string">&quot; */;   // 不合法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">std::cout &lt;&lt; /* &quot;</span>*/<span class="string">&quot; /* &quot;</span><span class="comment">/*&quot; */</span>;   <span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163823421.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>不合法的更改如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="comment">/* &quot;*/</span><span class="string">&quot; */&quot;</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527163842520.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-4-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.4.1"></a>Exercises Section 1.4.1</h1><h2 id="Ex1-9"><a href="#Ex1-9" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.9"></a>Ex1.9</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> num = <span class="number">50</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (num &lt;= <span class="number">100</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sum = sum + num;</span><br><span class="line">        num = num + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-10"><a href="#Ex1-10" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.10"></a>Ex1.10</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> num = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (num &gt;= <span class="number">0</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        std::cout &lt;&lt; num &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        num--;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-11"><a href="#Ex1-11" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.11"></a>Ex1.11</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> v1 = <span class="number">0</span>, v2 = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Enter two numbers: &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cin &gt;&gt; v1 &gt;&gt; v2;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (v1 &lt;= v2)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        std::cout &lt;&lt; v1 &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        v1++;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-4-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.4.2"></a>Exercises Section 1.4.2</h1><h2 id="Ex1-12"><a href="#Ex1-12" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.12"></a>Ex1.12</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">计算 -100 到 100 范围内所有整数的和； 最后的值为0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-13"><a href="#Ex1-13" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.13"></a>Ex1.13</h2><p>重写了第一个，其实都是一样的</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> i = <span class="number">50</span>; i &lt;= <span class="number">100</span>; i++)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sum += i;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-14"><a href="#Ex1-14" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.14"></a>Ex1.14</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当知道循环次数时，使用 for 循环更方便；条件循环时，使用 while 循环更好。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-4-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.4.3"></a>Exercises Section 1.4.3</h1><h2 id="Ex1-16"><a href="#Ex1-16" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.16"></a>Ex1.16</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>, value = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (std::cin &gt;&gt; value)</span><br><span class="line">        sum += value;</span><br><span class="line">        std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Sum is: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-4-4"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-4" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.4.4"></a>Exercises Section 1.4.4</h1><h2 id="Ex1-17"><a href="#Ex1-17" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.17"></a>Ex1.17</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">一个数字出现多次；多个数字，每个出现一次。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-18"><a href="#Ex1-18" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.18"></a>Ex1.18</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210527164008254.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl81MTcwMzE3NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="Ex1-19"><a href="#Ex1-19" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.19"></a>Ex1.19</h2><p>重写了 1.11：</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> v1 = <span class="number">0</span>, v2 = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Enter two numbers: &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cin &gt;&gt; v1 &gt;&gt; v2;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (v1 &gt; v2)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> temp = v1;</span><br><span class="line">        v1 = v2;</span><br><span class="line">        v2 = temp;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (v1 &lt;= v2)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        std::cout &lt;&lt; v1 &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        v1++;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-1-5-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-1-5-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 1.5.1"></a>Exercises Section 1.5.1</h1><h2 id="Ex1-20"><a href="#Ex1-20" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.20"></a>Ex1.20</h2><p>Sales_item.h 文件如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">ifndef</span> SALESITEM_H</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> SALESITEM_H</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Sales_item</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">Sales_item</span>(<span class="type">const</span> std::string&amp; book) :<span class="built_in">isbn</span>(book), <span class="built_in">units_sold</span>(<span class="number">0</span>), <span class="built_in">revenue</span>(<span class="number">0.0</span>) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">Sales_item</span>(std::istream&amp; is) &#123; is &gt;&gt; *<span class="keyword">this</span>; &#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">friend</span> std::istream&amp; <span class="keyword">operator</span>&gt;&gt;(std::istream&amp;, Sales_item&amp;);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">friend</span> std::ostream&amp; <span class="keyword">operator</span>&lt;&lt;(std::ostream&amp;, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">	Sales_item&amp; <span class="keyword">operator</span>+=(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">avg_price</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="type">const</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">same_isbn</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; rhs)</span><span class="type">const</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">	</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> isbn == rhs.isbn;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">Sales_item</span>() :<span class="built_in">units_sold</span>(<span class="number">0</span>), <span class="built_in">revenue</span>(<span class="number">0.0</span>) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">	std::string isbn;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">unsigned</span> units_sold;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">double</span> revenue;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> std::istream;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> std::ostream;</span><br><span class="line">Sales_item <span class="keyword">operator</span>+(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp;, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="type">bool</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span>==(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; lhs, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; rhs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &amp;&amp; lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &amp;&amp; lhs.<span class="built_in">same_isbn</span>(rhs);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="type">bool</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span>!=(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; lhs, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; rhs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> !(lhs == rhs);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> Sales_item&amp; Sales_item::<span class="keyword">operator</span> +=(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; rhs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	units_sold += rhs.units_sold;</span><br><span class="line">	revenue += rhs.revenue;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> *<span class="keyword">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> Sales_item <span class="keyword">operator</span>+(<span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; lhs, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; rhs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function">Sales_item <span class="title">ret</span><span class="params">(lhs)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">	ret += rhs;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> istream&amp; <span class="keyword">operator</span>&gt;&gt;(istream&amp; in, Sales_item&amp; s)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">double</span> price;</span><br><span class="line">	in &gt;&gt; s.isbn &gt;&gt; s.units_sold &gt;&gt; price;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (in)</span><br><span class="line">		s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">		s = <span class="built_in">Sales_item</span>();</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> in;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> ostream&amp; <span class="keyword">operator</span>&lt;&lt;(ostream&amp; out, <span class="type">const</span> Sales_item&amp; s)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	out &lt;&lt; s.isbn &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;\t&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; s.units_sold &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;\t&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; s.revenue &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;\t&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; s.<span class="built_in">avg_price</span>();</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> out;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">Sales_item::avg_price</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="type">const</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (units_sold)</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> revenue / units_sold;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-21"><a href="#Ex1-21" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.21"></a>Ex1.21</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;Sales_item.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Sales_item t1, t2;</span><br><span class="line">	std::cin &gt;&gt; t1 &gt;&gt; t2;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (t1.isbn == t2.isbn)</span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cout &lt;&lt; t1 + t2 &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Data must refer to same ISBN&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">-1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-22"><a href="#Ex1-22" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.22"></a>Ex1.22</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;Sales_item.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Sales_item total, item;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (std::cin &gt;&gt; total)</span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">while</span> (std::cin &gt;&gt; item)</span><br><span class="line">		&#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (item.isbn == total.isbn)</span><br><span class="line">			&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				total += item;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">			&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				std::cout &lt;&lt; total &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">				total = item;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cout &lt;&lt; total &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;No data !&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">-1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex1-23"><a href="#Ex1-23" class="headerlink" title="Ex1.23"></a>Ex1.23</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;Sales_item.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Sales_item total, item;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (std::cin &gt;&gt; total)</span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="type">int</span> cnt = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">while</span> (std::cin &gt;&gt; item)</span><br><span class="line">		&#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (item.isbn == total.isbn)</span><br><span class="line">			&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				cnt++;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">			&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				std::cout &lt;&lt; total.isbn &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; cnt &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">				total = item;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cout &lt;&lt; total.isbn &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; cnt &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		std::cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;No data !&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">-1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://astralcon.gitee.io/blog">astralcon</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://astralcon.gitee.io/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-1-Getting-Started/">https://astralcon.gitee.io/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-1-Getting-Started/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://astralcon.gitee.io/blog" target="_blank">A君的秘密基地</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/blog/tags/C-Primer/">C++ Primer</a></div><div class="post_share"><div 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href="https://github.com/astralcon" target="_blank" title="Github"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a><a class="social-icon" href="mailto:a842181471@qq.com.com" target="_blank" title="Email"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></a></div></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">朝九晚五，健康生活！</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-1"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-2"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-2"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-3"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.3</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-4"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.4</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-5"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.5</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-6"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.6</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-3"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-7"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.7</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.8</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-1"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.4.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-9"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.9</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-10"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.10</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-11"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.11</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-2"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.4.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-12"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.12</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-13"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.13</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-14"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.14</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-3"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.4.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-16"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.16</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-4-4"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.4.4</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-17"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.17</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-18"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.18</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-19"><span class="toc-number">7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.19</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-1-5-1"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 1.5.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-20"><span class="toc-number">8.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.20</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-21"><span class="toc-number">8.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.21</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-22"><span class="toc-number">8.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.22</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex1-23"><span class="toc-number">8.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex1.23</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/blog/2022/05/17/%E3%80%8A%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C%E3%80%8B%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98%EF%BC%9AChapter-1/" title="《算法设计手册》面试题：Chapter 1">《算法设计手册》面试题：Chapter 1</a><time datetime="2022-05-17T07:35:05.000Z" title="发表于 2022-05-17 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